Furnace



July l22, 1941. L E TRAINER 2,249,799

FURNACE Filed Deo. 7, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l www. www www W James QIVINTOR ORNEY.

51113'22, 1941 J. E. TRAINER 2,249,799

FURNACE v Filed Dec. 7, 193'? 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Figa? 1NvENToR James E Fai/'7er' Patented July 22, 1941 FURNACE James E. Trainer, Fairlawn, Ohio, assignor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Newark, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application December '1,I 1937, Serial No. 178,538

(Cl. 72-101)r 9 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to furnaces. It also includes within 'its scope furnace gas boundary structures which may be associated with furnaces operating at high temperatures.

It is among the objects of the invention to provide furnace structures of superior results in operation and of marked advantages as to inanufacturing, erection, and upkeep costs. These, and other objects of the invention will appear in the following description which is concerned with an embodiment of the invention selected for the purposes. of illustration.

The invention will be described with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a furnace wall, illustrating the removability of sections or panels of the wall and showing the relationships of the wall components. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a part of the furnace wall, showing the adjoining portions of two of the panels or sections.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal section showing the relationship of certain panels of the furnace wall to a vertical buckstay section of the wall.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings the illustrative structure is shown as having an innerwall including cellular insulating rebrick I which can he pierced without fracture. vThese brick are highly heat insulating, of light weight, and good load sustaining ability.- They are preferably manufactured by forming and molding an intimate highly aerated liquid mixture of refractory and combustible organic particles, and then deliquidizing the mixture while preserving its aerated condithe inner faces of the panels and the buckstay.

channels. The.. outer portions of the bonding members 28 are freely slidable through the clips tion, and then burning the molded block to establish its refractory characteristics ,and eliminate the organic products, thereby creating minute voids in addition to those created by the aeration. A portion of the refractory particles is preferably pre-burned and the combustible organic particles are preferably sizedl in the order of magnitude of the aerated combustibles. The insulating properties of the brickare such that they may successfully and for long periods y withstand furnace temperatures of the order of 2000 F. and higher with extremely low heat losses.

45.1surfa'ces of the panel plates and buckstay chan- The outer wall to which the insulating firebrick I0 are bonded, includes the metallic encasement vpanels which include flanged backing up plates parts ofupright supports. for the furnacewall.

32 from such a dotted-line position as that' shown in Fig. 2' to the full-line position. The bonding members are also rotatable in the clips through limited angles. The purpose of this arrangement will appear in the following description. The opposite ends of the bonding members have the transverse impaling projections 34 which' may be driven -into the non-recessed and plane-faced sides of the bricks during the erection of the wall.

Each panel I2 may act as a support for its own Ainsulating section 36 and bricks IIJ, and for this purpose it may have a horizontal angle 38 welded thereto and extending inwardly therefr'om as particularly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

One method of erecting theillustrative furnace wall may be considered as having its first step in the securement of the channels I6, I8, and 20 to the columns 22 and 24, the brick supporting angles 40 and theclips 32 having been previously welded to the channels. Thereafter, panel plates I2, I4, etc., with the clips attached, may be placed in` position between successive channels and the anges- 42 of the panel plates welded to the flanges 44 of the channels so that the inner surfaces of the channels and the panels are in alignment as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings. Then the bonding members 28 are inserted in the clips 32 distributed overthe surfaces of the panels which have been mounted, and over surfaces of me buckstay columns. The next step is to place the insulation sections 36 and 50 against the nels respectively, slotted openings similar to those indicated at 52 in the drawings, being provided for the placement of the insulationsections without disturbing or limiting the freedom of movementof the bonding members.

The next step in the described method is'to lay the lo'wer course-of the bricks upon the angles 40 and 38. 'Then a second course of bricks may be laid upon the first course anc bonded thereto by a cement. Assuming then that thetop surfaces of the brick last laid registers with some of the slots 52 in the insulation sections, the bonding members 28 will have been raised to such a position as the dotted-line position .shown in Fig. 2 before this last course of brick has been laid. The brick will be moved into position under the impaling projections 34 of the bonding members, the transverse outer ends 30 of the bonding members being of such length that they permit these members to move to the dotted-line position while still maintaining operative engagement of the bonding members and the clips 32. A

The next step in the building of the wall is to bond the bricks to the external supports by driving the impaling projections 34 down into the top portions of the bricks while thebricks are pressed toward those supports. The characteristics of the bricks are such that this operation can be performed without fracturing the bricks, and this may be done when the bonding members 28 are of such heavy material as quarter-inch steel rod. Lighterl material for the bonding members may be employed but the fact that such heavy materials lmay be employed without fracture of the bricks illustrates to a marked degree the characteristics of the brick which permit the illustrative method of building furnace structures.

After the above steps have been completed and, bonding members 28 driven down into the top surface ofthe last laid course of bricks, the sequence of steps in the erection of the wall are repeated until the upper surface of the top row of bricks is co-incident with the level o f the tops of the panels which have 4been secured in their operative positions. Thereafter, a superposed set of panels and bonding devices are secured in their operative positions and the above described steps are repeated until the entire furnace wall is erected.

The courses of bricks immediately forward of the panels l2 and I4 may be arranged in a breakjoint manner but it is preferable that this arrangement be not maintained beyond the sides of the panels. The purpose ofA this preferredarrangement is to aiord panel constructions such asthose indicated generally at 60 in'.` Fig. 1 of the drawings. With'this construction, any individual panel may be separately removed for repair or replacement of its parts without dis-" turbing other parts of the furnace structure.

The brick may be assembled on each individual panel back before it is placed in position and the completed panel fastened in place afterward. This method is particularly feasible when the bricks are to be nally in a position which is close to the positions of the tubes of a uid heater. It is, however, to be understood that Y the invention is not limited to all of the details of any particular method of erection. For ex-- ample, it is considered to be within the scope of theinvention that the panel sections of the furnace wall may be made up as separate'units withl their bricks and insulation sections secured thereto, and the separate units thus constructed, afterwards secured in their operative positions between adjacent buckstay channels I6 and i8;

When the encasement panels are joined to other panels and to the channels 22 by ycircumscribing seal Welds atthe flange edges, a completely sealed metal encasement is aiorded. It

' has been one of the serious problems of the prior art to eliminate leakage through furnace walls and boiler encasement walls, and with the present construction this problem is entirely solved. The fact that the metallic bonding devices which secure the bricks to the panels are united with the panels in such a way that no holes need to be formed in the panels is an important step toward the securement of the absolutely tight furnace casing.- Even when gaskets are used between successive panels and between the panels and the upright channels I8 4and I8 and the panels and channels are bolted through these gaskets, a casing construction of superior tightness is provided. f

In operation the brick/ expand more than the metallic panel back, and the bondingl members with their loose ilt in the clips present freedom of horizontal and verticalmovements suflicient for each panel, while positively preventing displacement of the bricks, away from the panel backs. The brick of each panel expand independently of that of other panels, and spaces are left between adjacent panels to assure this.

While the invention has been described with reference to the details-of the illustrated structure and method, it is to be appreciated that the invention may be embodied in other structures and other methods differing somewhat from those specitlcally described.

I claim:

1. Ina gas chamber boundary structure for heating equipment, external supports including metallic encasement panels, insulating rebrick which can be piercedwithout'fracture. and bonding devices. having their outer ends secured to the supports so as to be capable of sliding movement relative thereto, the opposite ends of the bonding devices having impaling projections driven into the bricks while the devices are operatively secured to the panels.

2. A furnace construction including cellular insulating ilrebrick which can be pierced withoutl fracture, external holding means including metallic furnace encasement panels, and metallic tying members having their outer ends anchored to the holding means so that they are capable of sliding movement relative thereto while remaining so anchored, said members having at their opposite ends transverse brick impaling projecttions which are driven into the plane-faced sides of the brick during the building of the furnace.

3. In a furnace structure, insulating flrebrick which can be impaled without breakage, external supports including metallic furnace encasement panels, bonding devices extending from the bricks to the panels, means securing the outer ends of said devices to the panels with said devices terminating short -of the outer surfaces of the panels, the inner ends of said devices having impaling portions driven into sides of the bricks during the erection of said structure.

4. structure for furnaces comprising, in combinat1on, insulating ilrebrick which can be im- .paled without breakage, external supports, brick penetrating bonding devices tying the firebrick to said supports. the bonding devices having extended portions capable of a',v relative sliding movement (with respect to said supports) at least 'equal to the extent to which said devices penetrate the bricks, .and parts co-operating with said extended portions to hold said devices an permit said relative sliding movement.

5.*InI a furnace structure, an innerwall including insulating ilrebrick which can be pierced without fractur an outer wall including metallic encasement panels, and bonding devices slidably secured at their outer ends to the panels and having at their opposite ends brick impaling projections driven into the bricks during the erection of the structure, the panel surfaces toward the bricks being complete and Without openings for the securement of the bonding devices there- 6. In a gas chamber boundary structure for heating equipment, external supports including metallic encasement panels, insulating firebrick which can be pierced without fracture, and bondf ing devices having their outer ends secured to the panels so as to be capable of sliding movement relative thereto while still maintained in operative relation to the panels', the opposite ends of the bonding devices having impaling projections driven into the bricks while the devices are operatively secured to thepanels.

7. In a furnace structure, insulating firebrick into which a rod can be driven without breakage of the brick, external furnace wall supports including. complementary metallic encasement,

panels, loops rigid with the panels and extending inwardly therefrom, insulation sections between the panels and the bricks, the insulation sections affording openings into which the loops extend, and metallic bonding members extending through said openings and having portions slidable through the loops, the Aother ends of said memso as to secure the lining to the panels in such` a waythat the imperforate character of the latter is maintainedl 9. In a furnace structure, imperforate metallic encasement sections each having firebrick of coextensive area secured thereto in such a manner that the imperforate character of the sections is maintained, bonding devices for holding the encasement sections with their attached firel brick in. furnace boundary forming relationship,

and circumscribing welds completely joining the edges of the sections to adjacent parts of the furnace so as to form a leak-proof furnace boundary structure, said bonding devices extending from the firebrick toward the encasement sections and attached to both.

JAMES E. TRAINER. 

